1. After & Before
A present tense, not a future tense is used in an adverb clause of time.
After she graduates, she will get a job.
After she (had) graduated, she got a job.
I will leave before he comes
I (had) left before he came.
2. When = at that time
(Notice the different time relationships expressed by the tenses)
When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
When I got there, he had already left.
When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
When I was in Chicago, I visited the museums.
When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
4. While & As = during that time
While I was walking home, it began to rain.
As I was walking home, it began to rain.
5. By the time = one event is completed before another event
(Notice the use of the past perfect and guture perfect in the main clause)
By the time he arrived, we had already left.
By the time he comes, we will already have left.
6. Since = from that time to the present
(Notice the present perfect tense is used in the main clause)
I haven't seen him since he left this morning.
7. Until & Till = to that time and then no longer
(Till is used primarily in speaking rather than writing)
We stayed there until we finished our work.
We stayed there till we finished our work.
8. As soon as & Once = when one event happens, another event happens soon afterwards
As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
Once it stops raining, we will leave.
9. As long as & So long as = during all that time, from beginning to end
I will never speak to him again as long as I live.
I will never speak to him again so long as I live.
10. Whenever = Every time
Whenever I see her, I say hello.
Every time I see her, I say hello.
12. The first time, The next time & The last time = Adverb clauses can be introduced by the following the + first/second/third/last/next + time
The first time I went to New York, I went to an opera.
The next time I go to New York, I'm going to see a ballet.
I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.
A present tense, not a future tense is used in an adverb clause of time.
After she graduates, she will get a job.
After she (had) graduated, she got a job.
I will leave before he comes
I (had) left before he came.
2. When = at that time
(Notice the different time relationships expressed by the tenses)
When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
When I got there, he had already left.
When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
When I was in Chicago, I visited the museums.
When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
4. While & As = during that time
While I was walking home, it began to rain.
As I was walking home, it began to rain.
5. By the time = one event is completed before another event
(Notice the use of the past perfect and guture perfect in the main clause)
By the time he arrived, we had already left.
By the time he comes, we will already have left.
6. Since = from that time to the present
(Notice the present perfect tense is used in the main clause)
I haven't seen him since he left this morning.
7. Until & Till = to that time and then no longer
(Till is used primarily in speaking rather than writing)
We stayed there until we finished our work.
We stayed there till we finished our work.
8. As soon as & Once = when one event happens, another event happens soon afterwards
As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
Once it stops raining, we will leave.
9. As long as & So long as = during all that time, from beginning to end
I will never speak to him again as long as I live.
I will never speak to him again so long as I live.
10. Whenever = Every time
Whenever I see her, I say hello.
Every time I see her, I say hello.
12. The first time, The next time & The last time = Adverb clauses can be introduced by the following the + first/second/third/last/next + time
The first time I went to New York, I went to an opera.
The next time I go to New York, I'm going to see a ballet.
I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.
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